Reward and ideational fluency in preschool children     

Melissa M. Groves  Janet K. Sawyers  James D. Moran  III 《Early childhood research quarterly》1987,2(4)

This study examined the effects of rewards on the ideational fluency of 75 preschool children. Assigned to a reward or nonreward condition, the children were administered two ideational fluency tasks, Unusual Uses and Pattern Meanings. Analyses revealed a significant main effect for reward on the ideational fluency components of originality, total fluency, and flexibility. In all cases the rewarded subjects scored lower than the nonrewarded group. These findings support the growing body of evidence that rewards are detrimental to creative functioning.  相似文献   

PEER AND TEACHER PREFERENCE,STUDENT–TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS,STUDENT ETHNICITY,AND PEER VICTIMIZATION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL     

Feihong Wang  Kevin A. Leary  Lorraine C. Taylor  Melissa E. Derosier 《Psychology in the schools》2016,53(5):488-501

This research was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institute for Mental Health (5R44MH07071‐03) awarded to Dr. Melissa E. DeRosier. Additional support comes from an Institute of Education Sciences post‐doctoral fellowship training award to the University of Florida (R324B1200002). The research was conducted at 3‐C Institute. The authors thank the staff and students of the Wake County Public School System in North Carolina for their cooperation and support in the implementation of this research project. In addition, the authors thank Drs. Janey McMillen, Natalie O'Brian, and Melanie Wilson for their invaluable efforts as project coordinators, as well as the many interns of the 3‐C Institute for their assistance in successfully completing this research project.  相似文献   

Auditorysame/different concept learning by monkeys     

Anthony A. Wright  Melissa R. Shyan  Masako Jitsumori 《Learning & behavior》1990,18(3):287-294

Two rhesus monkeys learned the auditory abstract concept ofsame/different. They were trained with 38 different environmental and natural sounds, which were arranged in different combinations as training progressed. Upon transfer to 138 different novel stimuli, they performed as well (78.8% correct) on the first exposure to the novel stimuli as they did (77.3%) with their training stimuli. The comparatively large set of training sounds, contact with the sound source, and a special fading procedure are thought to have contributed to the monkeys’ being able to learn this concept. Implications for species’ similarities/differences in cognitive processing are discussed.  相似文献   

Forming, Losing, Renewing, and Replacing Friendships: Applying Temporal Parameters to the Assessment of Children's Friendship Experiences   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jeffrey G. Parker  John Seal 《Child development》1996,67(5):2248-2268

Friendship formation and dissolution were tracked over time in a summer camp to examine whether such events are valid indicators of individual differences in children's friendship adjustment. Subjects were 216 children ages 8–15 years. Sociometric nominations were used to determine the identities of reciprocal friends. Loneliness at camp was also tracked over time. In addition, data on group acceptance, behavioral reputations, social competence, and behavioral problems were gathered from peers and counselors. Analyses suggested that friendship formation and duration were coherent, independent dimensions of individual differences and distinct from the overall extensivity of involvement in friendships. Regression analyses indicated that the temporal parameters of participation in friendship enhanced the prediction of changes in loneliness at camp. Age and sex differences in temporal parameters were explored, and 4 discrete trajectories for friendship involvement were identified. Children with different trajectories differed in their behavioral profiles from one another and from children who were chronically friendless.  相似文献   

Teacher evaluation policy as perceived by school principals: the case of Flanders (Belgium)     

Melissa Tuytens  Geert Devos 《Teachers and Teaching》2018,24(3):209-222

In Flanders (Belgium), a new teacher evaluation policy was issued which placed a lot of autonomy with school principals to develop and implement a new teacher evaluation system. In this study, we explore how Flemish principals perceive the new teacher evaluation policy and what influences their perception. Results demonstrate that principals perceive the policy as clear, but they are rather negative about the need, practicality, and complexity of the summative teacher evaluation. This perception is influenced by policy, context, and individual factors as is demonstrated in our qualitative analyses.  相似文献   

Aquatic-Aerobic Exercise as a Means of Stress Reduction during Pregnancy          下载免费PDF全文

Parker KM  Smith SA 《The Journal of perinatal education》2003,12(1):6-17

The goals of this research were to explore the current literature regarding associations between psychological stress and adverse fetal outcome, associations between aerobic exercise and psychological stress reduction, and associations between aerobic exercise and fetal outcome. The published studies that were located provide evidence of the following: 1) Stress reactivity increases physiologically during pregnancy, 2) pregnant women may experience additional stressors that are usually not experienced in a nonpregnant state, 3) psychological stress in pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcome, 4) exercise can be a method of stress reduction, 5) exercise in pregnancy is not associated with adverse fetal outcome, and 6) exercise in pregnancy may provide benefit to the fetus. Data were analyzed from an original study and associations were reported between psychological stress-management activities and participation in aquatic aerobic exercise classes. No reports were available investigating an exercise-induced reduction in psychological stress with fetal outcome.  相似文献   

The efficacy of ASL/ENGLISH bilingual education: considering public schools     

DeLana M  Gentry MA  Andrews J 《American annals of the deaf》2007,152(1):73-87

  相似文献   

A response to Melton based on the best available data     

Drake B  Jonson-Reid M 《Child abuse & neglect》2007,31(4):343-360

  相似文献   

Sustainability in Australian schools: A cross-curriculum priority?     

Barnes  Melissa  Moore  Deborah  Almeida  Sylvia 《Prospects》2019,47(4):377-392

PROSPECTS - In light of Australian policy and curriculum initiatives aimed to prioritize Education for Sustainability (EfS) practices, this article discusses a study that evaluated a smart meter...  相似文献   

Study Abroad Participation: An Unintended Consequence of State Merit-Aid Programs?     

Whatley  Melissa 《Research in higher education》2019,60(7):905-930

Research in Higher Education - This study employs difference-in-differences estimation to explore the relationship between the implementation of state merit-aid programs and students’...  相似文献